—–. 1989. The Sentence structure and Semantics away from Verb Morphology into the Progressive Aramaic: A Jewish Dialect from Iraqi Kurdistan. American Oriental Collection, 69. New Retreat: Western Chinese language Neighborhood.
Meehan, Charles, and you will Jacqueline Alon. 1979. The brand new Kid Whoever Tunic Caught to Your: Good Folktale on the Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect regarding Zakho (Iraqi Kurdistan). Israel Oriental Education 9:174-203.
Sabar, Yona. 1976. Lel-Huza: Facts and Record into the a routine out-of Lamentations on the Ninth of Ab on the Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect regarding Zakho. JSS -62.
—–. 1988. The publication out-of Exodus when you look at the Neo-Aramaic regarding Dialect of your Jewish People out-of Zakho [Hebrew]. Jerusalem: Magnes Press.
These types of half dozen binyanim out of Syriac was low in NENA to help you several earliest classes, which have a third closely allied into 2nd
Thomason, Sarah Grey, and you may Terrence Kaufman. 1988. Words Get in touch with, Creolization, and you can Genetic Linguistics. Berkeley and you will Los angeles: Univ. out of California Push.
The first group descends from the newest peal, the next class on pael, together with 3rd, whose vocalism follows that of the following, hails from the newest afel
Various other foundation complicating the situation ‘s the differential influences of your some co-territorial languages. The dialect variations contained in this Kurdish are extremely considerable, also to its impact is traced some of the adaptation among NENA languages. Including, the latest Jewish Neo-Aramaic out-of Halabja, including the Kurdish of your area, does not differentiate a gift and you will upcoming demanding, but where Kurdish holds eg a difference, thus do Neo-Aramaic. During the Azerbaijan, Turkish possess exerted strong impact on the new Jewish dialect (Garbell 1965b), plus the languages of basic away from Mosul let you know a robust determine off Arabic not seen elsewhere.
Tkhuma (Tx): What away from descendants out-of emigrants from a single of one’s partial-independent ashirets regarding the southern area of Poultry, today citizen across the Khabur Area when you look at the Syria. Info is of Jacobi (1973) and you can my personal cards.
(5) Syriac had three first spoken stems, this new peal, the latest pael, additionally the afel. To these were extra about three inactive stems, shaped in the earliest ones by the prefixation from e[Theta]-: brand new age[Theta]pael, the fresh age[Theta]paal, in addition to ettafal. This case exists throughout the NENA. In the most common NENA languages, verbs have a tendency to stay-in the fresh new verb classes where these people were utilized in before degrees of words. That’s, the new descendant of a Syriac peal verb was a NENA Group I verb, and you can a great Syriac pael verb might possibly be an excellent NENA Group II verb: instance, Urmi ptaxa ‘open’ off before peal, and you can sadure ‘send’ of before pael. not, inside the Jewish Azerbaijani, Halabja, and maybe Koy Sanjaq, the course membership has been reorganized in fact it is foreseeable with the basis of one’s form of the stem unlike the historic provider. For example, during the Azerbaijani brand new C base has the function CaCoC- to have voice verbs, almost any their provider, and CCaC- to own middle-weakened verbs: garosen ‘I in the morning pulling’, however, kwasan ‘I (f.) was descending’ (Garbell 1965, 64).
(11) Various other very extreme advancement for the NENA is the 3rd individual copula having l: ile ‘he is’, ila ‘she is’. This type could possibly get derive (Noldeke 1868, 203) of we[Theta] leh ‘he has’, but no copula think its great is based outside NENA. The first and you can second people do not have an enthusiastic l, except into the Jewish Azerbaijani, where in fact the l has been general from paradigm: Jilu iwIt ‘you (masc.) are’, Aradhin we:win ‘I (masc.) am’, Azerbai big’ (Garbell 1965, 64). ile is based throughout the NENA but within the Halabja, that has -(y)e: yarxa rahamim-ye ‘it is the week of promo kód mousemingle mercy’. None Turoyo nor Mandaic have models parallel so you’re able to ile: Turoyo harke-yo ‘he is actually here’, harke-zero ‘I was here’; Mandaic basim-ye ‘he try charming’, basim-na ‘I have always been charming’ (Macuch 1965, 443).
(19) The existing Aramaic word to possess ‘son’, bra into the BT, might have been expanded in most NENA except Hertevin by the addition of your own diminutive suffix -ona/-una: Azerbaijan Jewish brona (Garbell 1965, 297), Jilu bruna (Fox 1992, 51), Aradhin bru:na (Krotkoff 1982, 122), Tisqopa brona (Rubba, personal telecommunications), Zakho brona (Meehan and you may Alon 1979, 177). not, one another Turoyo and you will Mandaic have a keen epenthetic vowel, however, no suffix: Turoyo ?abro (Jastrow 1985, 221), and you can Mandaic eber otherwise ebra (Macuch 1965, 520).
b) In some instances, Hertevin aligns with Turoyo, from the remainder of NENA. They lacks a CCaCa introduce tense (6), has no sodir preterite (12), has no preposition ta (15), and you can spends ruh to create reflexive pronouns (14).
—–. 1965. The latest Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect out of Persian Azerbaijan: Linguistic Analysis and you can Folkloristic Messages. Janua Linguarum, series practica 3. The Hague: Mouton.
